1. Empire ranking
rank 1
rank 2
rank 3
rank 4
rank 5
rank 2
rank 3
rank 4
rank 5
2. Population
< 5k
5-15k
15-50k
50-150k
> 150k
unknown
5-15k
15-50k
50-150k
> 150k
unknown
3. Foundation nation
Achaeans (Greeks)
Aeolians (Greeks)
Arcadians (Greeks)
Attalids (Greeks)
Bithynians
Boeotians (Greeks)
Boii
Cappadocians
Carthaginians
Celto-Ligurians
Cilicians
Dacians
Dorians (Greeks)
Etruscans
Gauls
Germanic tribes
Greeks (other)
Hasmonean Judaeans
Iapygians
Iberians
Illyrians
Insubres
Ionians (Greeks)
Judaeans
Latins
Lucanians
Lusitanians
Lycians
Macedonians (Greeks)
Mauretanians
Minoans
Nabataeans
Norici
Numidians
Nuragic Sardinians
Pannonians
Phoenicians
Picentes
Roman
Samnites
Seleucids
Thracians
Umbrians
Unknown
Veneti
ancient Egyptians
Aeolians (Greeks)
Arcadians (Greeks)
Attalids (Greeks)
Bithynians
Boeotians (Greeks)
Boii
Cappadocians
Carthaginians
Celto-Ligurians
Cilicians
Dacians
Dorians (Greeks)
Etruscans
Gauls
Germanic tribes
Greeks (other)
Hasmonean Judaeans
Iapygians
Iberians
Illyrians
Insubres
Ionians (Greeks)
Judaeans
Latins
Lucanians
Lusitanians
Lycians
Macedonians (Greeks)
Mauretanians
Minoans
Nabataeans
Norici
Numidians
Nuragic Sardinians
Pannonians
Phoenicians
Picentes
Roman
Samnites
Seleucids
Thracians
Umbrians
Unknown
Veneti
ancient Egyptians
4/5. UNA centrality (both layers)
off network
zero
lowest quartile
lower-mid
upper-mid
top quartile
zero
lowest quartile
lower-mid
upper-mid
top quartile
6. Capitals (population ×2 weight)
imperial capital / residence
provincial capitalthe UNA betweenness scheme uses the imperial+provincial variant
7. Alive today (100k+ modern city on the site)
Roman site under a living modern city (Reba/Chandler, 1975)